Introduction
Environmental Imperatives & Objectives
Framework of Institutional & Financial Mechanisms
Major Achievements
Senior Officials Metting
Key Outcomes of SOMs
Outcomes of SOMs & Institutional Development
Programmes
Mitigation of Air Pollution from Coal-Fired Power Plants in North-East Asia
Nature Conservation Programme in North-East Asia
Eco-efficiency in North-East Asia
Meetings & Activities
Useful Links
 


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NEASPEC AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILES

Key Environmental Statistics


Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 9,327,430
Population (million, 2004) 1,303
Population Density (people/km2) 139.7

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		4,769

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 3.66

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 2.5
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		2,094
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 1,626
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 21, 590
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 13,804
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 21.2
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 1,472,250
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 1,426,500
(15.1%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 2,830
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 630.3

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 85
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 1.5
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 94
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) 54

Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 120, 410
Population (million, 2004) 22.38
Population Density (people/km2) 185.8

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		70.20168.3

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 3.14

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 6.67
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		18.50
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 20.37
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 866.1
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 293
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 51.4
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 3,159
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 27,000
(22%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 77
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 9.0

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) -
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 1.5
Environmental Performance Index (2006) -
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) -

Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 364,500
Population (million, 2004) 127.69
Population Density (people/km2) 350.3

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		1,215

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 9.52

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 0.25
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		1031.26
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 533.2
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 857
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 1,064
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 68.2
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 64,289
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 43,970
(12%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 430
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 88.4

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 11
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 4.3
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 14
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) 19

Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 1,566,500
Population (million, 2004) 2.5
Population Density (people/km2) 1.6

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		7.3

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 2.9

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 7.3
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		-
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) -
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 8.5
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 9.6
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 6.5
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 217,912
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 11,980
(1%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 35
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 0.4

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 114
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 1.9
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 115
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) -

Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 98,730
Population (million, 2004) 48.08
Population Density (people/km2) 487

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		462.1

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 9.61

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 0.75
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		335.37
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 213.05
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 951
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 1,136
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 63.5
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 7,037
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 16,460
(17%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 70
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 18.6

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 28
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 3.4
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 42
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) 55

Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 16,380,980
Population (million, 2004) 143.85
Population Density (people/km2) 8.78

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		1,528.8

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 10.6

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 4.65
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		811.65
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 641.53
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 9,685
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 5,250
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 47.9
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 1,617,148
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 1,225,590
(7%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 4,507
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 76.7

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 62
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 4.4
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 32
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) 44

Countries China DPR Korea Japan Mongolia Rep. of Korea Russian Federation
Country Basics Total Land Area (km2 ) 9,327,430 120, 410 364,500 1,566,500 98,730 16,380,980
Population (million, 2004) 1,303 22.38 127.69 2.5 48.08 143.85
Population Density (people/km2) 139.7 185.8 350.3 1.6 487 8.78

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Total Emissions
(million metric tons, 2004) 		4,769 70.20168.3 1,215 7.3 462.1 1,528.8

CO2 Emission per Capita (metric tons)

 3.66 3.14 9.52 2.9 9.61 10.6

CO2 /GDP (kg CO2 / $)

 2.5 6.67 0.25 7.3 0.75 4.65
Energy Electricity Consumption.
(TWh. 2003) 		2,094 18.50 1031.26 - 335.37 811.65
Total Primary Energy Supply (mtoe, 2003) 1,626 20.37 533.2 - 213.05 641.53
Air Pollution SO2 (1000 metric tons) 21, 590 866.1 857 8.5 951 9,685
NO2 (1000 metric tons) 13,804 293 1,064 9.6 1,136 5,250
Biodiversity and Water Forest Areas (%, 2005) 21.2 51.4 68.2 6.5 63.5 47.9
Protected Areas (km2 ,2005) 1,472,250 3,159 64,289 217,912 7,037 1,617,148
Arable (ha) & Permanent Crop Areas in total land areas (%, 2003) 1,426,500
(15.1%) 		27,000
(22%)		 43,970
(12%)		 11,980
(1%)		 16,460
(17%)		 1,225,590
(7%)
Annual Water Availability (km3 , 2000) 2,830 77 430 35 70 4,507
Annual Water Withdrawals (km3 , 2000) 630.3 9.0 88.4 0.4 18.6 76.7

Global Environmental Rankings of NEA Countries

Human Development Index (2005) 85 - 11 114 28 62
Ecological Footprint (ha/ person, Global average: 2.2, 2001) 1.5 1.5 4.3 1.9 3.4 4.4
Environmental Performance Index (2006) 94 - 14 115 42 32
Resource and Environmental Performance Index (2003) 54 - 19 - 55 44

Sources of the data:

  1. World Development Indicator (WDI) online, World Bank http://devdata.worldbank.org/dataonline/ : Total Land Area (2004); Arable (sq. km 2003) and Permanent Crop Areas and its percentage in the total land. World Bank (2005). “World Development Indicator” (The World Bank Group, Washington DC , USA World Development Indicator 2005 CD-ROM): Population Density 2003 (people/sq)
  2. World Resources 2005 Data Tables: Annual Water Availability and Withdrawals.
  3. IEA: Key World Energy Statistics 2006: CO2 Emission, Electricity Consumption, Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
  4. UN Statistics, accessed through http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx on August 24, 2006: Protected Areas (HongKong SAR and Macao excluded) and Forest percentages (2005) in the total land areas. (Hong Kong SAR of China and Macao SAR of China included)
  5. SO2 and NO2 emissions of Russian Federation, Mongolia and DPRK (2000) and NO2 (2000) China are based on The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) www.mnp.nl/edgar/ . Data (1999) for ROK and Japan are based on OECD (2004) OECD Environmental Data Compendium (Paris, OECD). SO2 (2003) for China is based on 2006 China Sustainable Development Strategy Report: Building a Resource-Efficient and Environment-Friendly Society
  6. Human Development Report 2005: International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world released by UNDP Human Development Indicator (HDI) and its Global Ranking
  7. Living Planet Report (2004 ) by WWF, UNEP, The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Center and Global Footprint Network: Total Ecological Footprint (TEF), with the world averages 2.2.
  8. Environment Performance Index (EPI) (2006) were from www.yale.edu/esi/ , a project done collaboratively by Center for International Earth Science Information Network and World Economic Forum. EPI focuses on assessing key environmental policy outcomes using trend analysis and performance targets.
  9. Resource and Environmental Performance Index (REPI) (2003), by China Academy of Science, is based on five resources (water, non-renewable energy, iron and steel, cement and non-ferrous metal) for 59 countries chosen. REPI is calculated either with GDP based on exchange rate or GDP in Purchase Power Parity (PPP) terms. The results may vary, so do the rankings of different countries. The lower the figure, the higher the ranking, and the higher the efficiency in the utilization of five said resources.